碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒的轴向导热系数测试

碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒为各向异性导热，其轴向导热系数是筒体温度场理论计算、成型工艺优化的重要参数。碳纤维复合材料圆筒由于较小的截面面积给筒体加热、热量有效传递带来了较大困难。本文以平板材料导热系数的稳态法测试国家标准为基础，基于傅里叶一维稳态导热原理，设计了一套用于薄壁圆筒轴向导热系数测试的装置，采用双试件对称加热、辐射换热防护及热对流环境控制等实现了热量沿筒体轴向的有效传导，利用该装置对导热系数已知的铝筒进行测试，验证了该装置设计的可行性，得到了碳纤维复合材料薄壁圆筒的轴向导热系数为（4.60±0.13） W/(m•K)。     

Novel superabsorbent materials from bacterial cellulose

A novel process for the production of superabsorbent materials (hydrogels) from bacterial cellulose (BC) was developed. Prior to crosslinking with a water‐soluble polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA), BC was first carboxymethylated and functionalized with glycidyl methacrylate. The degree of crosslinking influenced the swelling properties of the hydrogels. The use of greater amounts of PEGDA enhanced the formation of a thicker macromolecular network containing fewer capillary spaces in the crosslinked gel. The maximum water retention value of the hydrogels containing 2.5–3.5 mmol of carboxyl groups per gram of gel reached 125 g g^?1 in distilled water, and 29 g g^?1 in saline (0.9% NaCl solution). The highly porous hydrogel architecture with a pore size of 350–600 µm created a high specific surface area. This enables rapid mass penetration in superabsorbent applications. The superabsorbent hydrogels reached 80% of their maximum water absorption capacity in 30 min. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Mechanical properties of continuous bamboo fiber-reinforced biobased polyamide 11 composites

This study is devoted to the analysis of the properties of continuous bamboo fiber (BF)-reinforced polyamide 11 (PA 11) composites. The SEM observations highlighted continuity between BFs and the polymeric matrix showing a high density of hydrogen bonds. The comparative calorimetric study of the matrix and its composites showed that the crystallinity of PA 11 was not modified by the presence of bamboo fibers. The physical aging observed in PA 11 is no more observed in composites due to physical interactions between PA 11 and BFs. The mechanical properties were investigated by tensile strength and dynamic mechanical analysis. The introduction of BFs enhanced Young's modulus of the matrix by a factor of 10. The presence of BFs also improved the storage shear modulus G′ over the whole temperature range. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47623.     

Impact of non‐solvent on regeneration of cellulose dissolved in 1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium chloride ionic liquid

Cellulose dissolved in ionic liquid (1‐(carboxymethyl)pyridinium chloride)/water (60/40 w/w) mixture is regenerated in various non‐solvents, namely water, ethanol, methanol and acetone, to gain more insight into the contribution of non‐solvent medium to the morphology of regenerated cellulose. To this end, the initial and regenerated celluloses were characterized with respect to crystallinity, thermal stability, chemical structure and surface morphology using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. According to the results, regardless of non‐solvent type, all regenerated samples have the same chemical structure and lower crystallinity in comparison to the initial cellulose, making them a promising candidate for efficient biofuel production based on enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The reduction in crystallinity of regenerated samples is explained based on the potential of the non‐solvent to break the hydrogen bonds between cellulose chains and ionic liquid molecules as well as the affinity of water and non‐solvent which can be evaluated based on Hansen solubility parameter. The latter also determines the phase‐separation mechanism during the regeneration process, which in turn affects surface morphology of the regenerated cellulose. The pivotal effect of regenerated cellulose crystallinity on its thermal stability is also demonstrated. Regenerated cellulose with lower crystallinity is more susceptible to molecular rearrangement during heating and hence exhibits enhanced thermal stability. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

高功率光纤激光器光纤器件封装应力影响研究

高功率激光器无源器件制作过程中封装不当引入的应力,会导致信号光光束质量劣化和光纤温升,为了解决此问题,理论分析了光纤形变对信号光模式分布的影响,利用有限元方法建立包层光导致光纤发热模型,实验研究了不同封装方式对光纤发热情况和信号光光束质量的影响。实验表明,应力导致的光纤形变会造成信号光M2值在受力方向上略微变小而其垂直方向上变大,在输出100 W信号光时,施加应力导致的M2值的变化最高为0.39,与仿真结果相符。在光纤温升方面,相比于使用硬质胶水带来的12 ℃温升,使用硅橡胶封装的剥离器将温升控制在5 ℃以内,且其封装应力引入的M2值的变化在0.05以内。     

Hydrogen photocatalytic production from the self-assembled films of PAH/PAA/TiO2 supported on bacterial cellulose membranes

The issues related to renewable energy sources is a matter of great worldwide appeal due to the increasing energy demand, instability in oil prices and environmental problems. In this context, the purpose of this study was to prepare self-assembled films of polyallylamine hydrochloride and poly (acrylic acid) supported onto bacterial cellulose membranes by a layer-by-layer approach with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles and different concentrations of gold for application in hydrogen gas (H₂) production by photocatalysis. The influence of the gold concentration and the presence and size of the gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), as well as the surface and thickness of the films on H₂ production was investigated. The results showed that the film, prepared with a lower concentration of gold, presented the smallest Au NPs and, therefore, greater contact with the TiO₂ nanoparticle surfaces, producing more H₂. By analyzing the variation in all the experimental parameters used in the preparation of the films, it can be concluded that the best H₂ production achieved was 29.12 μmol h^?1 cm².     

玉米秸秆衍生碳基固体酸的制备及其催化纤维素水解糖化

以玉米秸秆为原料，通过碳化-磺化法制备了碳基固体酸（CSA），采用XRD、FTIR、XPS、SEM、阳离子交换与返滴定法等手段对其结构形貌进行表征，并考察了制备条件对固体酸表面活性基团含量与催化活性的影响。以NaOH/尿素冻融预处理后的纤维素为底物，研究了CSA催化纤维素水解糖化的效果与条件。结果表明：NaOH/尿素冻融预处理能够有效辅助固体酸催化纤维素水解，在350℃碳化2h、100℃磺化5h条件下制备的CSA催化性能最好，其酸量达3.94mmol/g，其中磺酸基、羧基、酚羟基含量分别为1.09mmol/g、1.36mmol/g、1.49mmol/g。在m(CSA)∶m(纤维素)=3∶1、水解温度200℃、水解时间为0.5h的条件下，纤维素水解还原糖得率与转化率分别为47.1%和63%。CSA循环利用3次催化活性下降不大。本研究可为废弃生物质原料制备的固体酸催化纤维素水解转化利用提供科学参考。     

基于随机光栅的可调谐随机光纤激光器

提出一种基于随机光栅与高反射布拉格光栅(FBG)相结合的可调谐随机光纤激光器。利用980nm泵浦光源泵浦一段7m长的掺铒光纤(EDF)进行增益放大,由随机光栅提供随机反馈。随机光栅长7cm,具有约10000个折射率修改点,这些点由飞秒激光逐点写入,并沿光纤方向随机分布,两点相邻间隔小于10μm。同时,利用中心波长为1548nm的高反射FBG来组成半开放腔结构,实现了随机激光的输出。实验测得的泵浦阈值功率仅为18mW,斜率效率高达13.2%,并通过改变FBG的中心波长,实现了输出激光波长的可调谐,调谐范围为4.45nm(1548.04~1552.49nm)。得益于半开放式激光腔的设计和EDF的高增益,整个系统具有阈值低、效率高、结构简单等优点。